乳腺癌21基因检测的研究进展

乳腺癌是一类具有异质性的肿瘤，不同患者的治疗方法和疗效都不相同。尽管目前仍在努力为激素受体（hormone receptor，HR）阳性（+）、人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER-2）阴性（-）、淋巴结（axillary lymph node，ALN）阴性（-）的早期乳腺癌患者寻找合适的治疗方法，但其术后是否需要化疗仍然是肿瘤科医生面临的一个难题。以往治疗主要依赖于经典的组织病理学和免疫组织化学技术，随着精准医疗时代的到来，我们需要更定量的诊断方法和合理的个体化治疗。虽然化疗可降低疾病复发风险并提高生存率，但它带来的不良反应事件会降低患者的生活质量，尤其低复发风险（recurrence risk,RS)有可能超过化疗益处。21基因检测不仅可以预测这类早期乳腺癌化疗疗效及评估预后，还可提供精准的个体化治疗方案指导用药，为患者增添信心。本文就乳腺癌21基因检测的研究进展进行综述。     

天王补心丹加减干预睡眠剥夺大鼠能量代谢机制的生物信息学分析

目的:使用基因芯片测序技术测定睡眠剥夺大鼠模型被天王补心丹干预前后,能量代谢相关差异基因功能表达谱的变化,为睡眠剥夺的防治提供可能思路及理论依据。方法:采用多平台水环境法对大鼠进行睡眠剥夺造模后随机分为天王补心丹组和模型组,天王补心丹组按照20 g·kg-1的剂量灌服天王补心丹水煎剂,模型组给予等体积纯水,连续灌胃14 d。取肝、心、下丘脑为样本,高通量测序获取差异基因,采用基因本体(GO)数据库与京都基因与基因组百科全书数据库(KEGG)通路富集分析,并构建与lncRNA的共表达网络,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测其中3个差异性显著的能量代谢关键基因神经肽Y(NPY),双特异性磷酸酶1/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶1(DUSP1/MKP-1),α-L-艾杜糖醛酸酶(IDUA)的mRNA表达水平。结果:得到321个差异基因,其中表达上调231个,下调90个,主要促进脂代谢、糖代谢与蛋白代谢进程;参与纤维蛋白原、维生素B6与星形胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(MANF)的合成表达;涉及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK),p53基因(p53),环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)等信号通路。与模型组比较,天王补心丹组IDUA表达水平明显增加(P0.05),NPY和DUSP1表达水平显著降低(P0.01)。结论:天王补心丹从多方面干预睡眠剥夺大鼠的能量代谢机制,通过下调NPY,DUSP1的mRNA表达水平,可能激活参与p38 MAPK信号通路,影响脂质代谢。     

Gene rearrangements of MLL and RUNX1 sporadically occur in normal CD34+ cells under cytokine stimulation

Gene rearrangements of MLL/KMT2A or RUNX1 are the major cause of therapy‐related leukemia. Moreover, MLL rearrangements are the major cause of infant leukemia, and RUNX1 rearrangements are frequently detected in cord blood. These genes are sensitive to topoisomerase II inhibitors, and various genes have been identified as potential fusion partners. However, fetal exposure to these inhibitors is rare. Therefore, we postulated that even a proliferation signal itself might induce gene rearrangements in hematopoietic stem cells. To test this hypothesis, we detected gene rearrangements in etoposide‐treated or non–treated CD34⁺ cells cultured with cytokines using inverse PCR. In the etoposide‐treated cells, variable‐sized rearrangement bands were detected in the RUNX1 and MLL genes at 3 hours of culture, which decreased after 7 days. However, more rearrangement bands were detected in the non–treated cells at 7 days of culture. Such gene rearrangements were also detected in peripheral blood stem cells mobilized by cytokines for transplantation. However, none of these rearranged genes encoded the leukemogenic oncogene, and the cells with rearrangements did not expand. These findings suggest that MLL and RUNX1 rearrangements, which occur with very low frequency in normal hematopoietic progenitor cells, may be induced under cytokine stimulation. Most of the cells with gene rearrangements are likely eliminated, except for leukemia‐associated gene rearrangements, resulting in the low prevalence of leukemia development.     

恩度联合多西他赛序贯腹腔灌注治疗胃癌伴恶性腹水的临床观察

目的:回顾性分析恩度联合多西他赛序贯腹腔灌注治疗胃癌伴恶性腹水的疗效及不良反应。方法:收集72例胃癌伴腹水患者，曾接受过二线及以上方案化疗，观察组35例，采用恩度45 mg联合多西他赛35 mg/m2 d1，d5序贯腹腔灌注1周期；对照组37例，采用多西他赛35 mg/m2 d1，d5腹腔灌注1周期，统计患者腹水控制有效率、KPS改善率、腹水控制时间及不良反应。结果:治疗组中腹水控制有效率71.43%；对照组中腹水控制有效率48.65%，P=0.049，两组具有统计学差异；治疗组中KPS改善率77.14%，对照组中KPS改善率54.05%，P=0.04，两组具有统计学差异；观察组中腹水控制时间8~90天，中位控制时间44天，对照组中腹水控制时间5~66天，中位控制时间28天，两组控制时间比较，P=0.048，具有统计学差异；III级以上不良反应发生率低，无治疗相关性死亡，两组不良反应比较，P>0.05，无统计学差异。结论:恩度联合多西他赛序贯腹腔灌注治疗体力状况（performance status,PS）评分较差的胃癌伴恶性腹水患者，腹水控制较好，能明显提高患者生活质量，未见明显不良反应。     

Event-related potential changes due to early-onset Parkinson’s disease in parkin (PARK2) gene mutation carriers and non-carriers

ObjectiveTo investigate cognitive functions in non-demented patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), and to compare PARK2 gene mutation carriers and non-carriers by means of event-related brain potentials (ERPs).MethodsThe participants comprised patients with early-onset PD (EOPD) and healthy controls (HC). Patients with EOPD were divided into two groups as carriers of known pathogenic variants of PARK2 gene (EOPD-PC) and non-carriers of genes involved in familial PD (EOPD-NC). ERP data were collected during auditory oddball and visual continuous performance test (CPT).ResultsBoth EOPD groups (EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC) displayed reduced and delayed P3 in response to oddball target and CPT NoGo. CPT Go P3 was reduced in EOPD-NC but not in EOPD-PC. Oddball target N1 was reduced and P2 was enhanced in both EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC. In both cognitive tasks, RTs were prolonged and accuracy was lower in EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC.ConclusionsWe found several EOPD-related neurophysiologic changes, implying impairments in cognitive functions. Pairwise comparisons between EOPD-PC and EOPD-NC revealed no significant ERP marker.SignificanceIn this study, the confounding effect of normative aging was somewhat excluded compared with many previous studies. In contrast with the many oddball studies in non-demented PD, we clearly observed reduced and prolonged P3 in early-onset PD. Our NoGo P3 findings also contribute to the limited ERP research concerning response inhibition.     

复发性口腔溃疡免疫细胞的效应

复发性口腔溃疡是口腔科常见多发性疾病,与多种因素导致的自体免疫失衡有关。表现为免疫细胞活性和数量上的改变,特别是高表达或不正常表达CD4+、 CD8+细胞以及 CD4+/ CD8+的改变,并伴有多种细胞因子的变化,包括 IL-2 、IL-6、IL-8﹑IL-10、INF-γ 和TNF-α等多种细胞因子的异常表达以及相关细胞因子的基因突变导致的基因多态性。T淋巴细胞介导的细胞免疫在复发性口腔溃疡疾病的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。     

Hippocampal and prefrontal contributions to memory retrieval: Examination of immediate early gene,NMDA receptor and environmental interactions

Animals can use a range of strategies to recall important locations. These include simple stimulus–response strategies and more complex spatial (place) strategies, which are thought to have distinct neural substrates. The hippocampus—and NMDA receptor activation therein—is considered to be crucial for spatial, but not response strategies. The medial prefrontal cortex has also been implicated in memory retrieval; however, evidence concerning its specific role is equivocal. Both hippocampal and prefrontal regions have been associated with flexible behavioural responding (e.g. when task demands change). Here, we investigated the use of spatial and non‐spatial strategies in the Morris water maze and their associated brain areas in rats using immediate early gene (IEG) imaging of Zif268 and c‐Fos. Specifically, we charted the involvement of hippocampal and prefrontal subregions during retrieval of spatial and non‐spatial memories. Behavioural flexibility was also examined using intact and partial cue configurations during recall. Results indicated that regions of both the hippocampus (area CA3) and prefrontal cortex (anterior cingulate cortex) were preferentially engaged in spatial memory recall compared to response learning. In addition, both spatial and non‐spatial memories were dependent on NMDA receptor activation. MK801 impaired recall performance across all groups and reduced IEG activation across hippocampal and prefrontal regions. Finally, IEG results revealed divergent patterns of Zif268 and c‐Fos activity and support the suggestion that Zif268 plays a functional role in the recall of long‐term memories.